Calculation of permissible axle load of tractor and semi-trailer

• July 24, 2019
• Automobile law
• Daniil Belousov

Truck-type vehicles travel throughout the country, tirelessly delivering timber, coal, food and much more from point “A” to point “B”. As a rule, drivers have a hard time on the road. These are grueling trips, during which a transport company employee must not only keep an eye on the road, but also make sure not to provoke an emergency. The weight of the load is largely responsible for this. If it is exceeded, that is, the restrictions on the axis were not respected, then this can end in disaster.

Therefore, it is always important to comply with regulations. It’s not for nothing that axle loads in Russia are strictly regulated. If the carrier violates the requirements, then in this case he must be prepared to bear responsibility in the form of a fairly large fine. It will depend on the type of organization and several additional factors. Let's consider this topic in more detail.

general information

Many people do not quite understand what axle load means, and, moreover, exceeding this value. It's actually simple. In this case, we are talking about an overload of a truck, which puts increased pressure on the road surface. It should be borne in mind that the rear wheels (that is, one of the axles), as a rule, bear significantly more weight. This largely depends on the type of specific vehicle, its trailer and other parameters. But, despite everything, the rear axle exerts increased pressure.

To clarify the permissible weight of a road train in Russia, it is worth considering several important aspects. One of the very first is the type of truck. Based on their carrying capacity, it is easy to independently understand what kind of cargo will be acceptable in a given case.

Permissible axial load

For freight vehicles, the axle load rule applies. This is the most important point in the calculations. In order to understand exactly how the load is calculated, you need to understand the simplest concepts.

So, all cars are divided into two classes:

1. “A” - used on highways of three categories: first, second and third, respectively.
2. “B” - travel on any road.

The following are valid values.

First of all, for cars:

• with two axles - 18 tons;
• with three axles - 25 tons;
• with four axles - 32 tons;
• with five axles - 35 tons.

As for road trains, other standards have been established for them:

• with three axles - 28 tons;
• with four axles - 36 tons;
• with five axles - 40 tons;
• with six axles or more - 44 tons.

How to calculate?

The load is calculated using a complex formula. You also need to take into account the maximum weight for roads of a certain category. The load of a truck is distributed as follows: it is less on the front axle, and it is much higher on the rear (or rear) axle.

When a car drives onto the scales at the post, the control officer uses a special reference book, which contains a huge number of types of vehicles and a detailed description of the load on their axles. Let's look at a few examples and determine how it folds onto each axis.

The GAZelle cargo truck has two axles: front and rear. The total weight of the car is calculated according to the formula:

MTS=NPO+NZO, where:

• MTS is the mass of the vehicle;
• NLO is the load on the front axle;
• NZO - rear axle load.

It would seem that everything is simple, but for other vehicles it is not always possible to apply this formula. Three-axle vehicles with two axles combined must be calculated differently. For example, let's take the Kamaz-53215 car. The calculation is already carried out according to the formula:

MTS=NPO+Nt, where:

• MTS is the mass of the vehicle;
• NLO is the load on the front axle;
• Nt is the load on the entire rear bogie.

Table

Let's look at the table of permissible loads. Please note that the standards are given for each axis.

The calculation must be made as accurately as possible, since the error can be no more than 5%. The closer the axles are to each other, the greater the pressure on the road surface. This is what explains the dependence on distance.

Types of vehicles

Most often on the road you can find semi-trailers that are suitable for most types of transported cargo. They are convenient because loading can be done from any side. Moreover, such trailers are capable of transporting up to 25 tons. Accordingly, the overload on the axes cannot in any way be higher (for detailed calculations, see below).

The second popular type is refrigerators. These are more expensive trailers that are full-fledged refrigeration units. They are necessary if the carrier needs to transport raw materials that may spoil. In the refrigerator, the temperature can be adjusted from +25 to -25 degrees, making it possible to deliver any type of product. Due to the rather voluminous refrigeration equipment, such trailers are not capable of transporting more than 20 tons.

A tanker is a trailer for small (mostly liquid) cargo. This type of transport vehicle is easy to load. Tanker trucks are capable of transporting from 15 to 25 tons of cargo.

You can also find so-called jumbos on the roads. These trailers are said to be capable of holding much more, which should make freight transport easier. This type of technology itself is distinguished by its L-shape. In this case, the trailer is equipped with small wheels, which are believed to be able to withstand heavy loads. However, such vehicles can rarely transport more than 20 tons.

There are also container ships, car transporters, dump trucks and many other varieties. All of them differ in their carrying capacity, which must be taken into account by the owner or employee of a company involved in the transportation of goods.

General provisions, types of vehicles, their features

A truck that is intentionally overloaded is dangerous. First of all, it puts a load on the road surface, which is calculated for a certain weight of cars. If the weight of the car is greater, and it is not always possible to control this, then the road is destroyed. And blaming the authorities for not allocating money from the budget for road repairs is not always justified.

The next point is that an overloaded car behaves differently on the track: it is more difficult to maneuver and is more vulnerable when overtaking. Even an experienced driver, driving in objectively difficult conditions: at night, in the rain, along serpentine roads, will not always be able to keep the truck from tipping over. The braking distance of an overload is longer, which automatically endangers the life of the heavy truck driver and the cars passing nearby.

Before going out on the track, you need to understand that the desire to earn money or saving time does not justify overloading cars, and the law provides for large fines for violators of excess weight.

Let's figure out what overload is and how federal legislation and the Government regulate this point, whether there is any standard for permissible overload of a truck. Five years ago, in connection with the appearance of a new type of cars on the country's roads, categories (10 types) and subcategories (6 types) of vehicles (hereinafter referred to as vehicles) were revised and then introduced.

Freight transport is a means of moving goods in the back, on a platform. Trucks are divided into categories C and C1. The main difference is the dimensions of the machine and load capacity.

In addition, all means differ:

• functionality;
• tonnage;
• body type;
• weight permitted for transportation;
• weight;
• axle load.

Trucks with trailers (with a cargo weight in the trailer of more than 750 kg) are defined in their own specific groups: BE, CE, DE and others. All divisions of cars are regulated by GOST 33987-2016. However, innovations are periodically introduced into it.

The maximum weight of cargo on Russian roads is 44 tons, but each type of vehicle has its own weight corridor.

Road trains are included in a separate category: a structure consisting of a vehicle and a trailer (one or more, or a semi-trailer). For them, the traffic rules provide the following weight restrictions.

For practical reasons, carriers force drivers to carry more weight to minimize transportation costs. However, it is rarely possible to avoid checks on the road. Most freight routes are equipped with checkpoints where vehicles must be weighed.

Today there are two types of checks:

1. Dynamic. During the test, the speed is limited to 5 km/h. The car drives onto scales installed on the road, which show the load on each axle. The error allowed is 0.5-3%.
2. Stationary. A powerful mobile (and therefore not loved by drivers) unit, reminiscent of a huge van, into which the car drives and stops. The electronics show the result accurately.

Both procedures allow you to accurately set the pressure on the axle. If it exceeds the accepted Russian standard, the driver is issued a fine. The fine is gradational, depending on whose vehicle and how much the weight limit is exceeded. If the norm is exceeded by 2-10%, a fine of 10,000-15,000 rubles. the official receives, and the legal entity pays 10 times more. If the cargo limit is exceeded by 50%, the fine increases to 45,000-50,000 rubles. for an official, and for a legal entity it rises to 400,000-500,000 rubles. Therefore, before you deliberately violate transportation rules, make sure whether you will benefit from this.

It’s easy to replenish the statistics of violators. If there is overload even on 1 axle, punishment is inevitable. However, if you know that you are carrying the permitted weight, remember that you have the right to declare disagreement with the results. You just need to have the inspection certificates in hand and seek repeated objective control weighing.

How is axle load calculated in Russia?

It’s worth noting right away that you can carry out such calculations yourself, but they may be inaccurate. Nevertheless, you can roughly estimate how much cargo a car can transport. To do this, you must first look at the registration certificate of the selected vehicle. It always indicates the weight parameters of the tractor itself, as well as its trailer.

After this, you need to determine the weight of the load. It must be indicated on the invoice. However, it must be remembered that errors may have appeared during its compilation or the calculations may have been made incorrectly. Therefore, those who transport freight need to be very careful. It's better to double-check everything several times.

If all the data is correct, then you can proceed to the next step. To find out the permissible axle load in Russia, you need to add up the weight of the trailer and the load itself. But this number is not yet final. It should be taken into account that the load will be distributed unevenly. As a rule, about 25% goes to the tractor itself, and the remainder - 75% - goes to the trailer. Therefore, you need to subtract 25% from the earlier number. The resulting 75% must be divided by the number of axles (depending on the type of car, this value may differ).

After this, it is necessary to clarify what load will fall on the axles of the tractor itself. There is already a value of 25% of the cargo mass, to which you need to add the weight of the truck itself. Thus, you can roughly calculate whether there will be overload on the axes or not. However, without knowing the allowed values, these parameters will not tell you anything. Therefore, it is worth getting a little more information.

How standards are determined

Cargo transportation by road is regulated by a number of regulations. One of them is the Federal Law on Highways No. 257-FZ of November 8, 2007 - LINK.

Paragraph 2 of Article 31 of which indicates the need to obtain permission to drive on roads a vehicle that exceeds the permissible weight of the vehicle or the permissible axle load by more than two percent.

An exception is made only for transport of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Upon approval, the car owner is obliged to:

• Agree on the route of the vehicle.
• Compensate for damage caused during the operation of the road.

If the excess is no more than 10 percent, a simplified system for issuing permits within one day is applied.

Legislation by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 272 ​​of April 15, 2011 “On approval of the Rules for the transportation of goods by road” (LINK) also establishes the maximum permissible weight of a vehicle in tons:

How many tons per axle are allowed in Russia

Several years ago, the regulations were revised and revised requirements came into force. For example, according to official regulations, no additional permits will be required if the total weight of the vehicle with cargo does not exceed 44 tons. This is the maximum weight of the road train. It should not be exceeded. However, you need to understand that these standards have nothing to do with passenger cars.

If we talk about the permissible axle load in Russia, then this point should not be overlooked. It is better to always leave a few% reserve so that during the official inspection you do not encounter an unpleasant situation. Let's consider this topic in more detail.

Permitted load abroad

It is important for merchants shipping cargo outside the Russian Federation to know what permitted loads on truck axles are provided in other countries.
Violators face not only fines, but also the entry of the car number, as well as its owner, into the “black list”. The foreign traffic service is more systematized and has a common base of violators, so not a single car previously caught overweight will be able to pass the control point. The fines are high: given the exchange rate of the dollar and euro, plus the fee for transferring to another state, the fine may exceed the value of the cargo itself. Therefore, before taking risks, it is worth looking at Internet pages with statistics. Each country has its own acceptable standards. For example:

• in Hungary, the potential load on a truck with two axles is 20 tons;
• in Germany – 18;
• in Bulgaria – 16.

There are clear tables with load distribution on all axles for European countries.

There are online calculators for calculating transport weight, but it is best to contact international logistics companies that know the intricacies of traveling on the road in a “foreign” country, will help in obtaining insurance, planning a route, and will advise on controversial issues.

How to check a cargo vehicle

This procedure is called control weighing. In the process of simple manipulations, it is possible to find out whether the truck is overloaded. However, checkweighing cannot be done just anywhere. As a rule, these are special points on the highway where official inspectors check documents and compliance with regulations. There are two methods for such checks:

• Static.
• Dynamic.

Both methods of checking axle loads are acceptable and widely used in Russia. During static weighing, the car is placed on specialized scales. Thanks to this, it is possible to clarify the total mass. Dynamic testing involves the movement of the vehicle. Thanks to this, it is possible to clarify how much load falls on each individual axle. This test is considered the most accurate and relatively complex.

Statistical and dynamic weighing

At special points located on the highway, control weighing takes place in order to determine whether the car is overloaded and what the axle load is.

Weigh it in two ways:

• in statics;
• in dynamics.

Both of these methods are used today, let’s find out what their differences are. So, static weighing occurs like this: a car drives onto the scales and stops. This method determines the exact weight of the vehicle at the moment.

Dynamic weighing occurs when the vehicle is moving slowly. This method is necessary to determine the load on each axle. The car moves on the scale at a speed not exceeding 5 km/h.

The only disadvantage of this method is the error, which you definitely need to be aware of. The maximum can be 3%.

All scales used today at weighing points are predominantly electronic. Entry to them is made using a ramp. It is not always the case that two types of scales are installed at the same post.

Load sensors

Since 2021, cargo carriers have the opportunity to install special devices on their axles that help avoid errors that are often encountered during independent calculations. Thanks to the sensors, it is much easier to clarify whether the final value corresponds to the permissible axle weight in tons. As a rule, such controllers connect without any problems and allow you to evaluate not only the static value, but also the dynamic value, that is, when the car is in motion.

The controllers are universal, so they can be integrated into vehicles with any type of suspension and other characteristics. Small devices display all the necessary information on the dashboard. This allows the driver to always receive all the necessary information at any time while driving along the highway. In addition, the sensors also have a GPS module installed. Thanks to this, the operator can always control where the cargo is currently located.

Fines

If the permissible weight of cargo for a truck was exceeded, then the carrier bears some responsibility for such an offense. Therefore, it is worth familiarizing yourself with Administrative Code 12.21.1 in more detail. According to this document, there are several types of offenses.

For example, if the carrier violated the law and the overload on the axle was from 2% to 10%, and the driver was unable to provide special permission for such transportation, then in this case he will have to pay 1000-1500 rubles. At the same time, a fine will be imposed on the official who is responsible for the specific transportation. He will need to pay from 10 to 15 thousand rubles. If the excess axle load was recorded by an automatic recording device, then the owner of the truck must be paid at least 150,000 rubles.

In some situations, even having a special permit does not exempt you from liability. The amount of the fine may be reduced, but not by much. This is explained by the fact that such documents are often compiled with errors.

Permissible (limitation) axle loads 2021, fee for transporting heavy loads

Significant innovations have been introduced since July 1, 2015

all Russian and foreign transport companies, which is due to changes in payment for the transportation of large cargo on federal roads by road
for 2021
. Now, transportation of heavy cargo along public highways is carried out only subject to a number of conditions that are strictly stipulated by existing legislation.

The amount of such payment for the transportation of heavy and large-sized cargo on federal highways is calculated taking into account:

• absolute weight of a heavy-duty vehicle;
• distances between vehicle axles;
• the length of the entire route along which the cargo follows.

It should be noted that the amount of payment for the transportation of large-sized cargo must be communicated to the cargo carrier no later than 3 days before the final approval of the transportation route.

The procedure for the movement of such cargo along federal roads of the Russian Federation is determined by special Instructions.

At the same time, the payers of this toll are domestic and foreign users or owners of vehicles who directly transport heavy cargo.

The passage of vehicles of the above category on federal roads must be carried out only with special permits issued by authorized departments of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation.

The distribution of cargo on the vehicle is carried out in such a way that the total weight of the vehicle with such cargo does not exceed the norm established by existing instructions and applications.

Permissible vehicle weights

By using a 4-axle semi-trailer from Sespel JSC, buyers have the right to legally transport 44 tons as for 6-axle equipment. Advantages over a tractor with a 6x2 and 6x4 wheel arrangement: you can use a 4x2 tractor and a 4-axle bogie, thus we get: useful transported weight - 44 tons, savings on purchase, maintenance, fuel for a 4x2 trailer.

This catalog presents a range of 4-axle semi-trailers. produces semi-trailers with 1-5 compartments, with a volume of 28-45 m3.

Truck axle load table

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Group of close axles - grouped axles, structurally combined and (or) not combined into a bogie, with a distance between the nearest axles of up to 2.5 meters (inclusive).

For groups of adjacent tandem and triple axles, the permissible load on the axle group.

If the owner of the highway installs appropriate road signs and posts on its official website information about the permissible axle load of the vehicle for the highway.

Including for vehicles with axles and groups of closely spaced axles with single wheels, equipped with pneumatic or equivalent suspension.

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Notes:

1. Values ​​in parentheses are given for axles with dual-pitch wheels (a vehicle wheel with two tires), without brackets - for axles with single-pitch wheels (a vehicle wheel with one tire).

2. Groups of adjacent axles, which include axles with single and double wheels, should be considered as groups of adjacent axles, which include axles with single wheels.

3. For groups of adjacent tandem and triple axles, the permissible axle load is determined by dividing the permissible load on the axle group by the corresponding number of axles in the group, except for the cases specified in paragraph 4 of these notes.

4. Uneven distribution of load along the axles is allowed for groups of adjacent tandem and triple axles, if the load on the group of axles does not exceed the permissible load on the corresponding group of axles, and the load on each axle in the group of axles does not exceed the permissible load on the corresponding single axle with single or double slopes wheels.

5. If groups of axles have different values ​​of interaxle distances, each distance between axles is assigned a value obtained by arithmetic averaging (the sum of all interaxle distances in the group is divided by the number of interaxle distances in the group).

6. When the subgrade soil under the road surface freezes by 0.4 meters or more, it is allowed to increase the permissible load on the vehicle axle by installing the appropriate road signs by the owner of the road and posting the relevant information on the official website:

a) in the standard state of highways (in this case, the permissible weight of the vehicle is determined in accordance with Appendix No. 1 to these Rules):

(as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated March 26, 2020 N 341)

for a highway of category I - II - 1.04 times;

for a highway of III - IV category - 1.2 times;

for a category V highway - 1.4 times;

b) in the absence of bridges and overpasses (in this case, the permissible weight of vehicles is not standardized):

for a highway of category I - II - 1.8 times;

for a highway of III - IV category - 2 times;

for a category V highway - 2.9 times.

Control of heavy vehicle weight and axle load has increased significantly.

Today, half of the weight control points on federal highways are automated, which makes it easy and quick to complete the control procedure.

However, the use of such a technique increases fees for road “damage” several times, and for certain types of road transport – tens of times.

It should be noted that for overloading a vehicle, joint liability is introduced for both the cargo carrier and the customer. Therefore, both interested parties must, before concluding an agreement for the transportation of goods, resolve all issues associated with possible problems along the way.

Before purchasing a heavy-duty vehicle, its owner has a desire to find out the operating costs of this vehicle, provided it is fully loaded. Specifically, to solve this issue, our specialists created an ONLINE CALCULATOR for calculating axle loads of a truck

After registering in which, you will be able to calculate the axle load limit, as well as future operating costs of the vehicle when traveling on public roads

.

Source: https://www.sespel.com/news/article/plata_za_provoz_tyazhelovesnyx_gruzov/

From 10% to 20%

If the carrier made such a big mistake and did not specify how many tons can be transported on Russian roads, then in this case he bears a great responsibility. In such a situation, the driver of such a truck will have to pay 3-4 thousand rubles. The person who was responsible for preparing the documents and allowed such a vehicle to set off will be subject to a fine of up to 30,000 rubles. A legal entity will have to pay at least 250 thousand rubles. If the offense was recorded automatically, then the minimum amount will be 300,000 rubles.

Types of cars

Drivers of trucks should keep in mind that in order to determine the required weight of a vehicle, they must first classify the truck as a specific type. They can be large, dangerous and others. Fines for any violations are listed in Article 12 of the Code of Administrative Offenses. They also come in three types: for individuals, fines do not exceed two thousand rubles, for officials - no more than fifteen thousand rubles, and for legal entities - no more than four hundred thousand rubles.

In a number of situations, in order to carry out cargo transportation, it is necessary to obtain the appropriate permission. In its absence, the violator must be fined. Sometimes, if the documentation is completed correctly, but the weight does not coincide with that indicated in the documents, then inspectors can impose fines in the amount of five thousand rubles. For organizations, the fine increases at least fifty times.

But there is one important subtlety. No inspector will issue a fine if he has not first carried out a control weighing procedure. This violation cannot be detected by sight, and the fine will be illegal. It is required that the advantage must be proven.

Larger loads

There are situations when the maximum permissible weight is exceeded by 20-50%. In this case, a fine of up to 5 thousand rubles is imposed on the driver himself. The official who signed the documents will have to pay at least 30,000 rubles. A legal entity is liable in the amount of 300-400 thousand rubles. If the violation is recorded by equipment, the fine can reach up to 400,000 “wooden”.

It will be most difficult for those who do not care at all about their financial situation and do not want to study the regulations. Rarely, but this still happens, the overload is more than 50%. In this case, the administrative fine will be the most severe. For the driver it will be at least 7,000 rubles. If he refuses to comply with the requirements, he may even lose his rights for six months. An employee who made a mistake in calculations will have to pay at least 45 thousand rubles. If we are talking about a legal entity, then this amount can be safely multiplied by 10. It will be most difficult if the offense was recorded by a recording device. In this situation, the fine will be at least half a million rubles.

Types of verification

Officially, control is divided into 2 main categories:

Stationary

The equipment is located at designated locations when leaving St. Petersburg. In this case, the movement of personnel and other vehicles is not provided.

Mobile control point

The equipment is located on a van base. They can quickly change their position and quickly move around the Leningrad region. Accordingly, warriors cannot reliably know where these control posts will be located.

If information about the weight of the cargo is deliberately distorted

It’s not enough just not to load the car too much. It is important that after weighing, all data matches the invoice. Accordingly, it should indicate the actual weight of the cargo, and not the one that is more convenient to enter in order to obtain the required permit.

If the documents contain incorrect information about the weight of the cargo, the duration and validity of the specialized permit, then you can pay in rubles. Also, offenses include situations when the consignment note does not contain a route drawn up for a specific cargo. All this will lead to penalties. Individuals will get off easy. They will have to pay 1500-2000 rubles. A little more responsibility falls on the official. A fine of up to 20 thousand rubles will be imposed on him. Of course, the legal entity will suffer the most. He will need to contribute at least 200,000 rubles to the state treasury.

A little about cars

Overload does not apply to passenger vehicles. In this case, there is no concept of axle loads at all. There is not a single law in the Russian Federation that would regulate the weight load on such a car.

Although the road inspector has the right to stop a car for inspection if he sees that the car:

• overloaded;
• cargo is transported with violations (without the appropriate sign, for example).

An incorrectly secured item or an overly heavy object affects the maneuverability of the car and creates additional risky situations on the road.

Another problem with passenger cars is the improper transportation of passengers. Car documents specify how many people can be carried in a car. For example, in the Nissan Sim, despite the large interior area, the manufacturer set a limit of 4 people, and in the Honda-Civic - 5. Although many more people can fit inside the car, it’s not worth the risk. There is a fine for this.

It should be noted that in the Russian Federation, the operation of freight transport is regulated by various documents and regulations, which are periodically updated. Everyone involved in the transportation of goods must monitor the regulatory framework, including changes in loads on the axles of the truck. Ignorance, as well as non-compliance with the rules, leads to administrative penalties, is subject to a fine, and in cases with aggravating circumstances, it threatens with deprivation of the right to drive transport.

Source

Will there be a fine for overloading a passenger car axle?

Owners of this type of vehicle have nothing to worry about. The permissible values ​​for loads and axles are exclusively for trucks. However, this does not mean that a “car” can be filled with any type of cargo and safely transported from one point to another. First of all, overload is dangerous for any vehicle. Under strong pressure, frames bend and shock absorbers stop functioning normally. The overall service life of the vehicle is significantly reduced.

Many people believe that when loading a car, they should be guided solely by their own ideas about overload and the capabilities of the car. At the same time, many drivers do not think at all about how passengers will feel. Some clog not only the luggage compartment of the vehicle, but also the interior, completely blocking the rear window. In this case, visibility will be impaired. If a motor vehicle accident occurs, then such a fact may be considered an aggravating factor.

A fine can be paid if the car accommodates more passengers than a particular car can carry. As a rule, including the driver, there can be no more than 4 people in a passenger car (three in the back seat and two people in front). All this information is indicated in the vehicle documents. Accordingly, if such a car is stopped by a traffic police officer, he can easily issue a fine.

It is noteworthy that many are confident that the child can be held in his arms, and then he will not have to be taken into account. In fact, children are the same passengers. Therefore, the child should have his own place. And if he is small, he must be transported in a special child seat with additional latches. All children under 12 years of age are required to ride in a car seat only. If it is missing, the driver will have to pay a fine. If the baby is even on the lap of the mother, who is placed in the back seat, this does not relieve the owner of the vehicle from responsibility. In such a situation, he will have to pay at least 3,000 rubles.

Yes, no one will weigh a passenger car. But if a traffic police officer determines other parameters in which the cargo clearly exceeds the permitted rules, then he can safely issue a fine. For example, if the car “sags”, the rear window is completely blocked, the vehicle even scratches the road surface with its bumper, or parts of the cargo move too far from the body, then all this may cause administrative liability.

In this case, a traffic police officer stops the vehicle, checks the driver’s documents and issues an appropriate fine. If a person cannot fully control a vehicle, then he becomes a dangerous road user. It could cause a serious accident. Therefore, not only its passengers are in danger, but also other road users. In such a situation, the minimum fine will be 500 rubles. If there are more people in the car than expected, then you will also have to bear responsibility. In such a situation, the driver will have to pay 500 rubles, and the “extra” passenger himself will have to pay 1000 rubles. According to the law, the fine can be general. For example, a traffic police officer can recover money only from a driver who allowed more people to travel in the car. In this case, he must pay a fine of 1,500 rubles.

On permissible vehicle overloads in 2021

enterprise » Publications » On permissible overloads of vehicles in 2021
The Code of Administrative Offenses provides for penalties for overloading vehicles. What weight of a truck is allowed by the rules and how to check it correctly? What is considered overload and what is the penalty for overloading a vehicle, read our large article.

What is checked and according to what

Control of heavy trucks in the Russian Federation is carried out by the State Traffic Inspectorate in accordance with the following regulations:

— Federal Law No. 257.
— Government Decree No. 272.

These regulations establish:

— permissible masses of vehicles (hereinafter referred to as vehicles) with or without trailers;
— maximum permissible loads on vehicle axles;

— permitted overloads;

— rules for transporting goods exceeding permissible standards.

The vehicle is checked by order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation No. 119 dated March 29, 2021, during which several parameters are checked:

— permitted maximum weight;
— permissible vehicle weight;

— permissible axle loads of the vehicle.

The permitted maximum weight is set by the vehicle manufacturer (indicated in the vehicle title). It is determined by the technical ability of the vehicle to move safely on public roads.

The permissible vehicle weight is the maximum permissible total vehicle weight, which depends on the type of vehicle and the number of installed axles.

The permissible weights of single vehicles and road trains, fifth-wheel and trailed, are specified in Appendix No. 1 to the Rules for the Transportation of Goods by Road.

For example, if the weight of a four-axle single vehicle is more than 32 tons, then its passage requires a special permit, which indicates the route and time of departure and arrival.

In practice, obtaining such permission is not so easy and it takes time to obtain it. Therefore, many move at their own risk without registration.

The permissible axle load of a vehicle is the maximum permissible load that is transmitted to the road by the wheels of one vehicle axle or a group of axles.

The permissible axle loads of vehicles are specified in Appendix No. 2 to the Rules for the Transportation of Goods by Road.

In accordance with paragraph No. 19 of Order No. 119 of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated March 29, 2021, when carrying out weight and dimensional control, uneven distribution of axle loads in a group of axles is allowed in accordance with the standards established by the notes to Appendix No. 2 to the Rules for the Transportation of Goods by Road. In this case, if the total load on the axle group does not exceed:

— there is no excess of the permissible axle load if the load on the most loaded axle does not exceed the permissible load on the corresponding (single or dual) single axle;
— the selection of the corresponding (single or gable) single axle is carried out by direct comparison (if the maximum loaded axis of a group of axles is gable, then it is compared with the corresponding gable single axle, regardless of the presence of a single axle in the group of adjacent axles);

— exceeding the permissible axle load is recorded if the load on the most loaded axle exceeds the permissible load on the corresponding (single or dual) single axle. In this case, the percentage of excess is determined as the ratio of the load on the most loaded axle to the permissible load on the corresponding (single or double) single axle.

THE MAXIMUM AXLE LOAD IS THE BASIS FOR INTRODUCING RESTRICTIONS FOR CERTAIN TYPES OF VEHICLES ON THE ROAD.

These restrictions are indicated by the corresponding road signs, for example, when a limit of 5 tons is introduced per axle, the following sign is displayed:

Sign 3.12 “Limitation of mass per vehicle axle”

Where and how is overload checked (permissible load)

Overload is checked at three types of weight control posts:

- at stationary posts that are installed in certain places (as a rule, when leaving or approaching a populated area).
At these types of weight control posts, moving equipment from place to place is prohibited; - at mobile posts equipped on the basis of a cargo van. Mobile posts can change their location in accordance with regulations;

- on automatic ones using special technical means operating in automatic mode that have the functions of photography, filming, and video recording.

Weight control can be carried out in three ways:

- dynamic - the vehicle moves in a certain place, equipped with special sensors, at a speed of no more than 5 km/h.
- static - measurements are made on scales after the vehicle has completely stopped. This method allows you to more accurately determine the parameters under study.

- automatic means - measurements are made by special technical means operating in automatic mode at vehicle speeds from 5 to 140 km/h.

Stationary weigh control station

Mobile weigh control station

automatic weigh control station

What is the permissible overload, including on the axle?

In accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 29 of Federal Law No. 257, drivers are prohibited from driving on roads in vehicles whose weight with or without cargo and (or) the axle load of which exceeds the permissible limit by more than 2%.

In accordance with paragraph 7 of Article 31.1 of Federal Law No. 257, the following are exempt from payment for compensation for damage caused to public roads of federal significance by vehicles with a permissible maximum weight of over 12 tons:

- vehicles intended for the transport of people, with the exception of cargo and passenger vans;
— special vehicles equipped with devices for providing special light and sound signals and used to carry out the activities of the fire department, police, medical ambulance, emergency services, military automobile inspection;

— special vehicles transporting weapons and military equipment.

Please note that for weight control posts using special technical means operating in automatic mode that have the functions of photography, filming, and video recording, Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation No. 119 of March 29, 2021 establishes the following measurement errors:

Measurement errors for automatic weighing control stations

How to check the crane's compliance with permissible loads

Let's consider the above using the example of the KS-55713-5V crane. Our crane has 3 axles with single tires. From the table in Appendix No. 1 to the Rules for the Transportation of Goods by Road, we obtain the value of the permissible vehicle weight - 25 tons. The total weight of our crane is 21.5 tons.

After checking the compliance of the vehicle weight, the compliance of the axle loads is checked. For our crane, the distance from the first (single) axle to the nearest axis of the rear trolley is more than 2.5 m, the distance between the dual axles of the rear trolley is 1.32 m. From the table in Appendix No. 2 to the Rules for the Transportation of Goods by Road, we obtain the permissible load value for the front axles – 9 t, and for the rear bogie – 15 t (single tire). Our crane has a load on the front axle that does not exceed 6.5 tons, and on the rear trolley that does not exceed 15 tons.

As a result of the inspection, you can see that our crane does not exceed the permissible values ​​for weight and axle loads, which means that it can move on roads without special permission.

To resolve controversial situations on the roads, GAKZ JSC confirms the data on axle loads with a weighing report from a certified testing center, which is attached to the accompanying documentation for the crane.

What to do if the load distribution on the rear bogie axle is uneven

Let's look at this question with an example. Let’s say that as a result of weighing the KS-55713-5V crane, the loads on the axles of the rear bogie were 7.9 tons and 7.1 tons (15 tons in total). This result can be regarded by traffic police officers as exceeding the permissible axle load, since the load on the axles is uneven. This interpretation is WRONG.

In accordance with clause 19 of Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation No. 119 dated March 29, 2021, there is no excess of the permissible axle load if the load on the most loaded axle does not exceed the permissible load on the corresponding (single or double) single axle.

Let's find the permissible load on the corresponding (single or double) single axle. To do this, let's turn to the table in Appendix No. 2 to the Rules for the carriage of goods by road. It follows from the table that for highways designed for an axle load of 10 tons/axle, the permissible axle load for a single axle is 9 tons (10 tons for a double-pitch tire).

Let's return to our tap. The 7.9 t and 7.1 t loads of the rear bogie axles do not exceed the permissible axle load for a single axle of 9 t. The total load of 15 t on the rear bogie also meets the load requirements. It follows from this that, despite the uneven distribution of the load, there is NO excess of permissible loads.

It should also be noted that, after weighing, the measurement error is necessarily subtracted from the results obtained, depending on the type of weighing control post.

What are the fines for overloading a vehicle in 2021?

For violation of the rules for transporting goods in terms of permissible weight and permissible axial loads, penalties are provided. The amount of the fine for overloading is specified in Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. For movement without a special permit, or for exceeding the weight and axial loads specified in the special permit, the following types of punishment are provided:

In accordance with paragraph 11 of Art. 12.21.1 Exceeding the loads prescribed by road signs when moving without special permission shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of 5,000 rubles.

For violations provided for in Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, persons carrying out entrepreneurial activities without forming a legal entity bear administrative liability as legal entities.

Things to remember

If you are sure that you are right and that there is no overload, you should pay attention to the equipment that was used to make the measurements. It must be in good condition, certified as a measuring instrument and have metrological verification.

Please note that the weight values ​​obtained at the traffic police weighing points do not always coincide with the weight values ​​of the cranes indicated in the vehicle registration certificate or documents for the crane. The main reason for this is the incorrect method of weighing along vehicle axles at road weight control points equipped with an insufficient number of boat meters (when weighing, a boat meter must be installed under each chassis axle) or stationary scales with a large difference in the level of the floor and surface of the scales. As a result of the crane driving one axle onto boat meters or stationary scales, the mass of the crane is redistributed towards the weighed axle, which is why the readings on it exceed the data specified by the manufacturer.

If the weighing method is incorrect, the load on one axle can increase by 0.5-0.6 t, while the increment to the total mass of a three-axle crane (when adding the masses on the individual axles) can be about 1.5-1.8 t Also, the weighing results depend on the tire pressure and the correct operation of the chassis balance trolley.

Depending on the design features of the vehicle and under the influence of additional horizontal load during braking, the same vehicle axle, when changing its position, can affect the road surface and scales with different loads.

To comply with the requirements of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 257 dated November 8, 2007, when operating cranes of JSC GAKZ, which have transport configurations with permitted loads on the chassis axles, the manufacturer recommends the following measures:

1) When the readings between the axles on the balancing trolley have a large discrepancy (more than 200 kg), it is necessary to change the driving pattern for the boat meters. For example, drive on boat meters several times with different directions of movement (forward and backward). In this case, pay special attention to the smoothness of braking and the operation of the chassis suspension. When weighing, the vehicle should not be on the brake (neither on the service brake nor on the parking brake).

2) Carry out maintenance on time. Pay attention to the operation of the suspension, especially the balance trolley.

3) Observe the transport packages provided by the manufacturer.

4) Do not overload the crane with additional accessories, containers with fuels and lubricants, etc.

5) To prevent controversial situations on roads or ships, refer to the results of weighing protocols of testing centers (attached to each crane).

6) Dirt on the tap gives a significant increase in weight. In some cases, the increase in the actual weight of the truck crane is up to 1.5 tons. We recommend keeping your vehicle clean.

7) Weighing on boat meters or stationary scales should take place under a static load (crane without movement), and it is important to observe the time interval after stopping the vehicle, the recommended value is at least 30 seconds.

In the near future, car owners will have to deal with an automatic weight control and video recording system that will be able to take measurements at speeds of up to 140 km/h. A receipt with a fine will be sent in the same way as those sent for speeding.