Permissible dimensions of cargo for transportation by road

Acceptable truck sizes in Europe

Length - road train

The projector height of the new truck tire
The length of the road train should not exceed 24 m for a tractor unit with multiple trailers and 20 m for a tractor unit with one trailer.

When the length of a road train is over 20 m, it is recommended to install an identification plate indicating the actual length of the train on the rear side or a special panel mounted at the end of the vehicle.  

To reduce the length of the road train during transportation, the boom is folded or the head section of the boom is disconnected and transported separately.  

To reduce the length of the road train during transportation, the boom is folded or the head section of the boom is disconnected and transported separately.  

KL of the useful use of the length of a road train indicates a more rational use of the overall length of trailed road trains, despite the fact that their overall length is longer than that of semi-trailer road trains. At the same time, the large overall length of trailed road trains is due to the larger total length of the tractor and trailer platforms, which provides, as shown above, higher values ​​of the load capacity utilization factor.  

The disadvantage of this method of transportation is the increase in the length of the road train, which limits the use of the method when transporting long vehicles.  

On single-lane roads, two-way traffic is ensured by the construction of sidings with a useful length of at least the length of the design road train, located within visibility, but not less than 500 m from each other. The width of the roadbed and roadway at the sidings is taken as for two-lane roads. Transition from single-lane to double-lane width on.  

The ease and insignificant time required for changing the length of sliding semi-trailers makes it possible to reduce the length of the road train during empty runs or when transporting products less than 12 m, which increases the average technical speed of the vehicle and facilitates the driver’s work, especially on sections of roads with heavy traffic.  

In terms of dimensions, construction loads are: overall, fitting into the permissible dimensions for highways - width 2-5 m, height 3-8 m, length of the road train no more than 24 m; for railway transport gauge 1524 mm (according to GOST 9238 - 83) and oversized - exceeding these indicators.  

Until 1991, the main limitation for increasing the unit weight of the capacity of tank trucks used on general roads was the total weight allowed by road standards (no more than 38 tons), axle loads, and the length of the road train.  

Characterizes the use of the vehicle's carrying capacity based on the size of the platform. The coefficient of useful use of the length of the road train KL...  

In accordance with the requirements of traffic regulations, transportation along a certain route can only be carried out with a special permit issued by the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate. The height of the load above the surface of the roadway must be no more than 4-5 m and must be agreed upon with communications services. If there are railway crossings on the route, if the dimensions of the vehicle with or without cargo exceed 5 m in width, 4-5 m in height above the roadway surface, 20 m in length of the road train with one trailer (semi-trailer), and the total actual weight of the vehicle exceeds 52 tons and travel speed is less than 5 km/h, coordination with the railway track distance is also required.  

Fine for transporting protruding cargo (Article 12.21 and 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation)

Here we have three options regarding what the fine for the cargo may be. The first, when traffic rules for the transportation of goods are violated:

— does not limit the driver’s visibility; — does not complicate control and does not affect the stability of the vehicle; — does not cover external lighting devices and reflectors, registration and identification marks, and does not interfere with the perception of hand signals; — does not create noise, does not generate dust, does not pollute the road or the environment.

The second is when it is necessary to install a “Large cargo” sign if the cargo protrudes beyond the rear clearance by more than 1 meter, but not more than 2 meters. If this sign is not installed, then... For these two options, a fine will be issued under Article 12.21 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Violation of the rules for transporting goods, as well as the rules for towing, entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of 500 rubles.

The third option is when the cargo is large and, moreover, requires special permission, that is, it exceeds the dimensions. This will already be a fine under Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

- if the size exceeds no more than 10 cm (without a formalized permit available) - 1000-1500 rubles (individuals) (part 1); - if the dimensions are exceeded by 10-20 cm (without a formalized permit available) - 3000-4000 rubles (individuals) (part 2); - if the dimensions are exceeded by 20-50 cm (without a formalized permit available) - 5000-10000 rubles (individuals) (part 3); - if the size exceeds more than 50 cm (without or with a formalized permit) - 7,000-10,000 rubles (individuals) or deprivation from 4 to 6 months (part 6).

In fact, it is clear that the worst thing is if the load protrudes more than 50 cm. In this case, a very large fine or deprivation of a special right for up to six months.

Movement - road train

Features of transportation of oversized cargo

The movement of the road train cannot begin until the pressure warning lamps in the brake system circuits go out.  

The movement of road trains during transportation using the traction arm system is organized according to hourly schedules. Traffic schedules are drawn up taking into account road conditions and the time spent on interconnecting semi-trailers at the end points of the traction arm. Travel speeds should be reduced in the autumn-winter period due to reduced daylight hours and worsening meteorological conditions. After developing a traffic schedule, to clarify it, a test run of the road train with a full load is carried out under the supervision of the commission. Then the traffic schedules are approved and a traffic schedule on this road is drawn up, which indicates the days and times of arrival and departure of road trains for each point.  

The movement of a road train is associated with an increase in rolling and air resistance forces. Imperfection of the turning devices and gaps in the coupling devices lead to the fact that the trajectory of the trailer or semi-trailer does not coincide with the trajectory of the tractor. When moving at high speed, angular vibrations of trailers occur in the horizontal plane, and when the speed of the tractor changes, longitudinal jerks and impacts occur.  

The movement of road trains towards each other must be calculated so that they arrive at the end points of their traction arms at the same time. After re-coupling semi-trailers and a short rest, drivers can continue driving in the opposite direction.  

The driving conditions of a road train around a turn differ significantly from those of a car. The difference is that the smallest internal overall radius of turning of a trailer is smaller than the smallest internal overall radius of a car or towing vehicle, and this radius is smaller for a single-axle trailer than for a two-axle one. Therefore, in order to determine the width of the passage sufficient to turn the road train, it is necessary to know the smallest outer overall radius of the car or tractor and the smallest inner radius of the last trailer in the road train.  

The speed of a road train must be lower than the speed of a single vehicle. Before reversing the road train, you need to lock the front axle of the trailer with a locking device.  

When a road train moves through intermediate points of the route, the transported cargo is unloaded and new cargo is loaded. In this case, upon arrival at the destination, the driver receives invoice orders for additional loading of the road train at the route control center and then proceeds to the warehouses of the consignee or consignor. After completing the travel documentation, the driver, according to the established schedule, goes to the next point of the route.  

When a road train moves in passages limited on both sides, for example, a gate, an intersection, the outer component An affects the width of the entrance passage, and the internal component Dv affects the width of the exit and entry passages. When turning a road train on a free site, when there are no obstacles from the center of the turn, the value of A does not affect the width of the site.  

When a road train is moving as part of a tractor-trailer with a trailer (semi-trailer), the amount of lateral vibration (wobble) of the trailer relative to the tractor-vehicle in each direction should not exceed 3% of its overall width.  

When moving a road train with a long load in mountainous areas, it is important to ensure that the vehicle passes without the load touching the ground. The route of movement of pipe transport vehicles often runs along a complex profile of dirt roads with descents, ascents and other irregularities that impede the movement of vehicles with long loads. . The movement of overly long road trains is also not allowed, as this causes danger when overtaking, passing and maneuvering.  

The movement of overly long road trains is also not allowed, as this causes danger when overtaking, passing and maneuvering.  

When developing routes for road trains in rough or mountainous terrain, it is necessary to perform a dynamic calculation of the vehicle, showing the possibility of moving a road train at a given speed in the most difficult places and the highest inclines.  

Thus, for the road train to move, it is necessary that the traction force on the mover overcome all the above resistances.  

Modular road train of the future

The future is already here. Today, the development of the so-called modular road train is actively underway. There are some developments that are already close to testing and implementation in real conditions.

The idea is that the driver sits in the first heavy truck, and behind this heavy truck there are, for example, five more heavy trucks. These five cars are controlled by computer and automation. They essentially copy the behavior and trajectory of a car with a driver.

In fact, we have six separate heavy-duty trucks that easily fit into any size standards and requirements and only one driver. Of course, multi-lane roads are needed for such purposes, but the idea itself is interesting and attractive.

There are also such developments that a driver will not be required in the first lead vehicle. And all this will be extremely safe. This is a big step forward for freight transport in the world. Let's see how quickly all this is implemented, implemented and taken root.

Again, it seems that our country will not become a platform for pilot projects to test such innovative innovations, but, of course, every modern car enthusiast wants to follow this situation.

What is considered oversized cargo?

Kia Optima 2021 will receive body restylingPost navigation

It includes types of cargo, the size and weight of which exceed the values ​​​​established by traffic regulations that apply to items permissible for transportation. Based on Russian laws, the following can be classified as cargo of this type:

• protruding in front and behind vehicles by more than 100 cm;
• protruding from the edges of the vehicle by more than 40 cm.

The calculation is carried out regardless of the dimensions of the machine itself. Thus, if, when transported on a light-duty truck, the cargo protruding beyond its limits will be defined as oversized, when transported by a long truck, it will be classified as a regular type of cargo.

Oversized cargo sign. Dimensions according to GOST

The law obliges carriers to notify traffic participants about the transportation of non-standard objects and install a warning sign “Oversized cargo”. This rule for transporting cargo is regulated in clause 23.4 of the traffic rules.

The sign can be purchased ready-made or made independently, taking into account the dimensions determined by GOST (R12.4.026-2001). The sign is made of reflective materials in the shape of a square, which depicts inclined white and red stripes 5 cm wide. The size of the sides of the sign itself is 40 cm. The given parameters are provided for by GOST and are mandatory.

Trailed road train

Trailed road trains with one trailer operate reliably in various operating conditions, have a fairly high speed, good maneuverability and stability.  

In trailed road trains, the weight of the trailed link and the payload is completely transferred to the road through its wheels. Road trains constructed according to a mixed principle are also often used. Diagrams of some types of road trains are shown on the rgs.  

For trailed road trains, it is assumed that the drawbar is located parallel to the plane of the road; for semi-trailer road trains hn is equal to the height of the upper plane of the fifth wheel device, parallel to the road plane, from the road plane.  

The EOD for trailed road trains decreases, and for saddle trains it increases.  

One of the parameters when evaluating fifth-wheel and trailed road trains is maneuverability. The maneuverability of the road train (the width of the Bk corridor) is mainly influenced by the overall length of the road train, which depends on the length of the platform.  

For a more correct comparative assessment of semi-trailer and trailed road trains, it is necessary to select such internal dimensions of the platforms that would allow the coefficient of utilization of the nominal load capacity to be brought closer to unity for the main types of transported goods. In this case, certain difficulties arise due to the large number of main cargoes transported by road, which vary significantly in volumetric weight. In order to select the most frequently transported cargo, containers and pallets, requests were made to individual research and operational organizations, republican ministries, and data on cargo transported during trial operation and acceptance testing of MAZ vehicles and road trains was also used.  

Consequently, with regard to the coefficient of utilization of carrying capacity, trailed road trains have an advantage over fifth-wheel trains. It should also be taken into account (see Table 9); that the nominal load capacity of trailed road trains is 9 7 - 15 2% higher than that of saddle trains.  

KL of the useful use of the length of a road train indicates a more rational use of the overall length of trailed road trains, despite the fact that their overall length is longer than that of semi-trailer road trains. At the same time, the large overall length of trailed road trains is due to the larger total length of the tractor and trailer platforms, which provides, as shown above, higher values ​​of the load capacity utilization factor.  

As can be seen from Fig. 14, the coefficient of utilization of the carrying capacity KE depending on the length of the platforms LnJI of trailed road trains is higher than that of saddle trains.  

KL of the useful use of the length of a road train indicates a more rational use of the overall length of trailed road trains, despite the fact that their overall length is longer than that of semi-trailer road trains. At the same time, the large overall length of trailed road trains is due to the larger total length of the tractor and trailer platforms, which provides, as shown above, higher values ​​of the load capacity utilization factor.  

Basic rules for the transportation of oversized cargo

The integrity of the cargo itself, the safety of transport and other road users depend on compliance with transportation rules.

Therefore, it is extremely important to follow all recommendations to ensure safety and fast delivery.

When delivering heavy oversized cargo, it is necessary to take into account the permissible load on the vehicle axles. It is important to consider the correspondence between the weight of the cargo and the maximum load capacity of the vehicle. When a car is overloaded, wear on the engine, frame, chassis and wheels increases, and steering efficiency decreases.

This creates a risk of an accident. Maximum attention should also be paid to the quality of fastening and the location of the cargo in the body. If it is in an unstable position, there is a risk of the load falling or the vehicle overturning. When delivered, transported items must not pollute the environment or the road surface or be sources of increased noise. It is unacceptable to cover reflective and lighting devices or vehicle license plates with the cargo or part of it.

Delivery of large cargo should be carried out by specialized companies - only in this case can you be sure of its efficiency and safety. Freight taxi "Gazelkin" offers transportation of oversized cargo by various types of vehicles. The experience and professionalism of the company's employees is a guarantee of high quality work.

Fine for violating cargo transportation rules

Size restrictions require compliance and are clearly regulated. For violations, the driver transporting the cargo may be fined up to 10 thousand rubles. or deprive your driver's license for up to six months. Penalties for legal entities amount to 400–500 thousand rubles. (Article 12.12 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation). When cases of bringing to administrative responsibility are initiated, the transport and the transported cargo may be arrested and sent to the impound lot.

Protocol on an administrative offense - how can a driver protect his rights?

Requirements for the dimensions of a road train. Ways to increase the carrying capacity of a road train.

In all countries of the world, the length of a road train is strictly limited. In Europe, EU Directive 96/53 is in force, according to which the length of a semi-trailer, i.e. a tractor with a semi-trailer, should not exceed 16.5 m. The length of the semi-trailer itself is also limited: from the fifth wheel to the end of the semi-trailer no more than 12 m, and the distance from the SSU to the front of the road train should not exceed 2.04 m. Based on these conditions, standards for semi-trailers were formed. Thus, a road train with a two-axle truck tractor with a 4x2 wheel arrangement and a three-axle semi-trailer has a length of 13.6 m. But a three-axle tractor with a 6x4 wheel arrangement can also be used. The length of such a vehicle must still comply with size standards. Three-axle models are often used as chassis for construction, dump trucks and special equipment.

In Russia, the length of a road train can reach 20 m; here, restrictions on vehicle dimensions depend on the type of road train. Thus, the length of a Euro tractor with a Euro trailer should not exceed 16.5 m. The length of a Euro tractor with an American semi-trailer should be no more than 18 m. The length of a track with a Euro trailer can be within 18-20 m. The longer the length tractor, the longer the length of the entire road train can be. There are semi-trailers whose length reaches 16 m, but in order to meet established standards, they can only be used in tandem with cabover tractors.

Of course, there are also requirements for lighting a road train at night. In addition to standard systems and reflective stickers, many owners of long road trains also use LED lighting for the perimeter of the vehicle. This solution allows, with a significant reduction in energy consumption costs, to make the transportation process as safe as possible.

In addition to restrictions on the length of the road train, there are standards for the load on the fifth wheel, the width of the vehicle, the total weight and the level of exhaust toxicity. So, for example, the weight of a road train with five axles should not exceed 40 tons, with six axles - 52 tons. The width of the vehicle should not be more than 2.5 m, and the height - no more than 4 m. A road train, which consists of three links, should not be more than 24 m.

In order to "fit" into the requirements, both manufacturers and carriers are looking for ways to solve the problem, because everyone strives to make freight transportation more efficient. For example, tracks are used in conjunction with shortened semi-trailers, for example, for 20-foot containers. At the same time, semi-trailers for 40-foot containers are used with tractors with a shortened chassis.

To increase the productivity of freight vehicles, carriers use three-unit road trains. This arrangement makes it possible to provide the necessary carrying capacity, while keeping the total weight at an acceptable level. A three-link arrangement is possible through the use of shortened coupling devices, since the distance between the trailer and the tractor is reduced. When using add-ons that allow you to move the berth above the cabin, the length of the cabin itself is reduced, while the useful length increases, so you can get an additional 50-80 cm. To increase the useful volume of the cargo compartment for curtain-sided or curtain-sided semi-trailers, carriers use low-profile tires, complete the road train with low-bed semi-trailers or semi-trailers with a stepped floor.

On what basis can an administrative penalty be applied?

Even a slight increase in side height, which has not been agreed upon with the manufacturer or has not passed a specialized assessment (test), will be considered an unauthorized design change that may affect traffic safety.

There is a list of faults in the Appendix to the Traffic Regulations with which the operation of the vehicle is not permitted. The following point is noted in paragraph 7.18:

A problem with some sailing yachts is that the lower edge of the ballast keel is not horizontal, but at an oblique angle. If the yacht is now positioned horizontally on the keel, it is only resting on part of the keel and experiences excess weight forward or aft, which is likely to only go into the side supports. In this case, indentations and damage to the disc flame by the supports can easily occur, even if they have a sufficiently large contact surface. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the keel is subjected to an even load along its entire length, which leads to the relief of the rear trailers.

7.18. Changes have been made to the design of the vehicle without permission from the State Road Safety Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation or other bodies determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

A car with such design changes can be registered only in cases where there is documentary confirmation by the manufacturer of the possibility of such an upgrade, or an examination has been passed and a certificate of conformity has been received. Until such documents are received, operation of the vehicle will be prohibited.

Top and collapsible components must be disassembled and transported to a suitable location to minimize transport height. As a rule, this is the support bracket of a motor yacht device, but, of course, the mast of a sailing yacht. These parts are usually stored on board the yacht, in some cases, but also on a trailer. Proper dismantling and reassembly are just as important as transportable packaging and securing of bulk components, protection against slipping, chafing and possibly also against contamination and moisture.

In extreme cases, even dismantling the ballast may require lowering the transport height, a complex job that usually requires the use of a competent specialist shipyard. Finally, proper tying is essential to ensure a strong connection to the truck trailer. In particular, straps that are directed downward, particularly diagonally, are indispensable, which are designed to prevent the yacht from being pushed forward or to the side. Securing a large boat on a truck trailer is basically the same as a boat on a trailer, but the dimensions need to be larger.

All this is also true for other devices that allow you to hold cargo in the back of a car. For example, the fine for stripes on the sides of KAMAZ trucks in 2021 will be equal in size to the administrative penalty associated with changing the height of the side using constructive means.

Terms used in transport documents

• “Truck” is a vehicle equipped with a mechanical drive. Operated for transporting goods by road;
• “Vehicle” is a device on which cargo or passengers are installed for their transportation on roads;
• “Road train” is a combined vehicle consisting of a truck and trailer (trailer train), tractor and semi-trailer (trailer train);
• “Tractor” – a vehicle equipped with its own engine and intended exclusively or primarily for towing a trailer or semi-trailer;
• “Combined vehicle” – a combination of a car and a trailer (semi-trailer);
• “Full trailer” trailer with drawbar - a towed vehicle having at least two axles, of which at least one axle is steerable and, in addition: - equipped with a towing device (drawbar) that has the ability to be vertical in relation to to the moving tractor; - not transmitting any significant vertical load to the tractor (no more than 100 daN). When a semi-trailer is coupled to a semi-trailer undercarriage, it is considered a full trailer;
• “Semi-trailer” is a towed vehicle that is designed to be connected to a truck tractor (or to the support bogie of a semi-trailer) and transfers a significant vertical load to the tractor’s coupling device (or to the support bogie of a semi-trailer);
• “Semi-trailer undercarriage” – A trailer with a center axle and equipped with a fifth-wheel hitch.
• “Maximum length of a vehicle” – the length of a vehicle that does not exceed the established permissible values ​​(different for each country);
• “Maximum vehicle width” – the width of the vehicle, which does not exceed the established permissible values ​​(different for each country);
• “Maximum height of the vehicle” – the height of the vehicle, which does not exceed the established permissible values ​​(different for each country);
• “Maximum vehicle weight” – the weight of a vehicle with or without cargo, which does not exceed the established permissible values ​​(different for each country);
• “Maximum axle mass” – the mass transmitted through the vehicle axle to the surface of the road, which does not exceed the established permissible values ​​(for each country);
• “Weight of a vehicle in running order” is the weight of an unladen vehicle with a body and a coupling device in the case of a bus-tractor, or the weight of a chassis with a cab, if the manufacturer does not install a body, and/or a coupling device. This weight includes coolant, oils, at least 90% fuel, 100% other fluids (excluding used water), tools, driver (75 kg), and spare tire.
• “Technically permissible maximum weight of a vehicle” is the maximum weight of a vehicle, determined by its design and specified characteristics, established by the vehicle manufacturer.
• “Indivisible cargo” – cargo that cannot be divided during transportation due to the risk of damage or high costs of time and money;
• “Air suspension” is a suspension system in which the shock-absorbing element is air, providing at least 75% of the shock-absorbing effect;

Special permission

In order to carry out activities related to the transportation of oversized cargo, it is necessary to obtain a special permit, which specifies specific dimensions, delivery conditions, route, etc. This procedure came into force on the basis of Federal Law No. 257 of November 8, 2007 “On Highways”, which states the prohibition of transporting heavy goods , large-sized and dangerous goods without special permits. The route is agreed upon with the authorized government agency.

The paper is issued for one or several trips, but cannot exceed more than 10. The route and the cargo transported must match each time. The validity period of the permit does not exceed 3 months.

Transportation of oversized items is impossible in organized convoys; this can lead to an emergency situation.

The procedure for oversized cargo transportation is regulated by the following documents of the Russian Federation:

• Federal Law No. 127 of July 24, 1998 “On state control over international transportation.”
• Federal Law No. 259 of November 8, 2007 “Charter of Motor Transport”.
• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 72 of April 15, 2011 “Rules for cargo transportation by road.”
• Traffic regulations approved on October 23, 1993
• Standards for issuing special permits, approved by Order No. 258 of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2012.
• Transportation safety standards approved by Order No. 7 of January 15, 2014 by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation.

Permission to transport oversized items is issued for no more than 10 trips

In what cases is transportation prohibited?

Authorized bodies may prohibit transportation if the rules stipulated by the traffic rules regarding transportation conditions are violated: the driver’s visibility is limited, there are obstacles for road users, the vehicle loses stability due to the load, the transported object obscures license plates, lighting fixtures, reflective signs, etc. Until the violations are eliminated, transportation of oversized cargo is prohibited.

A permit may not be issued if there are less safe modes of transport for transporting oversized items (railway, air travel, river transport), it is possible to disassemble the oversized object into its component parts, or if transportation safety is not ensured.

Permissible weight of a road train in Russia. Maximum axle load in Russia.

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Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1529 of December 12, 2017 amends Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 N 272 “Permissible load on a vehicle axle.”

According to the new amendments, which come into force on December 22, 2017, the following changes are made for a standard truck tractor (two-axle tractor with dual wheels on the drive axle) and a standard semi-trailer (three-axle semi-trailer with a distance between the axles from 1.3 m to 1.8 m ):

A single error for all scales is also set at 2%.

When a violation is detected at the border (including the border between the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation), the transport inspection does not have the right to issue a fine. Instead, the driver is presented with three possible options:

• return back to a neighboring country;
• eliminating the violation on site;
• special design permits for the transportation of heavy cargo.

Penalty for axial overload:

According to Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses No. 195-FZ dated December 30, 2001 (as amended on February 5, 2018):

Appendix No. 2 to the Rules for the transportation of goods by road (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 12 of January 9, 2014)

Permissible axle loads of vehicles

(*) If the owner of the highway installs the appropriate road signs and posts information on the axle load of the vehicle permissible for the highway on its official website. (**) For vehicles with single wheels equipped with pneumatic or equivalent suspension.

Notes:

1. Values ​​in parentheses are for dual-pitch wheels, outside brackets are for single-pitch wheels.
2. Axles with single and dual wheels, combined into a group of adjacent axles, should be considered as adjacent axles with single wheels, with the exception of a two-axle bogie with an unloaded axle.
3. For tandem and triple axles structurally combined into a common bogie, the permissible axle load is determined by dividing the total load on the bogie by the appropriate number of axles.
4. The permissible axle load for a two-axle cart with an unloaded axle is taken to be equal to the ratio of 60 percent of the permissible load on a two-axle cart for the driving axle and 40% for the unloaded axle.

Provided liability for exceeding cargo parameters or transportation conditions

Violation of the rules for transporting goods can lead to extremely serious consequences. Therefore, every deviation from accepted standards leads to a fine. The administrative responsibility of drivers is prescribed in the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

For violation of traffic rules when transporting goods that do not require special permission, the driver is given a warning or a fine of 500 rubles. The minimum penalty is applied in the absence of a special sign, the creation of noise or dust, and also if the transported cargo is not securely secured and obstructs visibility. The violator will not be deprived of his rights for such violations, but will not be allowed to move further until the reason for the stop is eliminated.

Violation of the rules when transporting large cargo with a special permit provides for more serious penalties, depending on the severity of the offense. Penalties are prescribed in Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Penalties are imposed not only on the driver, but also on the legal entity that performs the transportation.

What are the dimensions of oversized cargo for transportation?

Guided by the provisions of the traffic rules, unaccompanied transportation of objects is possible only with the following dimensions of cargo vehicles (both loaded and unaccompanied):

• height no more than 4 meters;
• length up to 20 meters;
• width up to 2.55 meters.

Taking into account the dimensions of the cabin and chassis of trucks, the capacity of standard transport is functionally limited to the following dimensions:

• height 2.55 m;
• length 13.6 m;
• 2.55 m wide.

Any type of cargo whose dimensions exceed the specified limits is classified as oversized. This includes a load protruding by the above amounts in full or in separate parts.

When transporting oversized cargo, it is necessary to use a special identification sign “Oversized cargo”.

Transport dimensions by parameters

Traffic regulations establish the dimensions of cargo that can be transported without obtaining special permission from government authorities and the State Traffic Inspectorate. All parameters are specified in clauses 23.4 and 23.5:

1. Length. Ideally, it should match the length of the car or truck bed. If the goods being transported protrude from the rear by a distance of up to 1 m, then no additional requirements will have to be met. Exceeding this parameter entails the mandatory use of a special “Large cargo” sign. At night or in poor visibility, the following must be additionally used:
   white flashlight or reflectors in front;
2. At the back there is a red light or reflector.
3. Width. Up to 0.4 meters of “peeping out” on the sides is allowed. The protruding parts are measured not from the side, but from the edge of the rear marker light. If it exceeds 40 cm, be sure to attach signs with the inscription: “Large cargo” to the protruding points. At night or in bad weather, flashlights and reflectors are additionally used.
4. Height. Up to 4 meters in height need not be marked with special identification symbols if other parameters comply with the standards. The indicator should be measured from the road surface to the highest point of the transported goods.

You will have to obtain a special permit for dangerous and heavy cargo that exceeds the following dimensions:

• width 255 cm or 260 cm for refrigerators and isothermal bodies;
• height more than 4 meters from the road surface;
• in length (including one trailer) 20 meters, or when the product protrudes more than 2 m in front or behind.

International cargo transportation is carried out in accordance with international rules adopted by the Russian Federation.

What are the restrictions?

When transporting large cargo, it is prohibited:

1. Deviate from a pre-planned and agreed route.
2. Exceed mandatory speed limits.
3. Continue driving under unfavorable weather conditions - ice, snowfall or visibility less than 100 meters.
4. Drive along the side of the road, unless otherwise specified by the terms of transportation.
5. Stop in random places. The vehicle has the right to stop only in specially designated places that are located outside the roadway.
6. Drive further if breakdowns or malfunctions occur that could lead to an emergency.
7. Move forward if the load shifts or the fastening becomes loose.

It may happen that the route did not take into account ongoing road transport works or partial destruction of the track. In this case, further movement is carried out only after receiving the appropriate permission to travel along the new route.